Risk Assessment

What is risk?

We all know what we mean by Risk, but it's worth clicking here to look at the Health & Safety Commission's statement on Risk Perception in Adventure and Outdoor Activities. Unlike those who seek to eliminate all risk from life, or to equate risk with blame, the statement accepts that a certain level of risk is intrinsic to adventure activities and makes some constructive points about how that risk should be balanced against the benefits of the activity

There's nothing new about risk assessment: it's fundamental to group leadership in any form of adventure training. To take a simple example, before I lead a group of cadets (or adults) walking in wild country, I consider the terrain, the weather, the age and experience of the group members and the standard of their clothing and equipment. To minimise risk, I select a route appropriate to the capabilities of the group, ensure that everyone is properly briefed and check that appropriate emergency equipment is taken

During the walk, I constantly re-assess factors like the terrain, the weather, the time of day, and the morale and fitness of the group. Our normal practice is to give every cadet a turn at leading the group during the walk so that they all learn about navigation, pace setting, group management and how to handle (simulated) emergencies. As a result, active risk assessment is effectively being done continuously by every member of the group from the leader down to the most junior cadet

It's worth repeating that we don't expect to eliminate risk altogether. Accidents happen, and people make mistakes. As the HSC statement says, "... the provider should ... take steps to ensure that the risks are managed and controlled so far as is reasonably practicable while allowing the potential benefits to be delivered."

So what's changed?

Recent tragedies involving groups of young people have forced adventure training providers to review the way they manage and run their activities. Many people now take the view that risk assessment must not only be done, it must be seen to be done, In other words there needs to be evidence that the level of risk has been assessed and that appropriate measures have been taken to minimise them. A cynic might say that it also makes it easier to find someone to blame when the case comes to court...

As a major provider of adventure training for young people, the ATC is keen to adopt "best practice", including the implementation of a standard risk assessment procedure. Details of the procedure and timetable vary from one area of the country to another, but Central & East Region require every approval application from 1 April 2002 to be accompanied by a risk assessment form that looks something like this

The procedure requires the leader of the activity to allocate values between 1 (lowest risk) and 5 (highest risk) to six aspects of the activity:

1. Activity
2. Group
3. Exercise Leader
4. Environment
5. First Aid
6. External factors

When all the values on the form are added together, the total indicates whether the risk is low, medium, high or unacceptable, and Region will be guided by this when granting or withholding approval. A high risk does not necessarily mean that approval will be withheld, provided that satisfactory measures are in place to manage the risk

No doubt the procedure will take a little time to bed in, and for any teething troubles to be resolved. These pages will be updated as any changes or additional information about the procedure comes to hand

Click here to see the actual risk assessment form, in Microsoft Word format

Wing Adventure Training Technical Officer: Flt Lt John Smith RAFVR(T)         Web site by: Flt Lt Geoff Bowles RAFVR(T)       Last updated  15 January 2002